Guinea Fowl

Above: Left, day-old guinea keet (that is what the babies are called) and Adult Guineas to the right
(Hard to believe something so cute grows up to look like THAT, isn't it?!)
S T A T I S T I C S
Scientific classification: Guinea numida meleagris
Incubation period: 27-28 days
Humidity for incubator: 60 - 65%, increase to 70 - 75% in hatcher
Move to hatcher/stop turning: 24-25 days
Benefits of raising: Guineas can be
hand-tamed if worked with early; they are great insect-eaters and very
good at eating disease-spreading ticks and mosquitoes (but especially
seem to enjoy ticks and garden-eating pests), they are great "guard
dogs" both for other poultry and for your premises. I have heard great
things from people who use them instead of actual dogs, who were
fearful of an aggressive dog biting an intruder. The guineas are loud
and let you know when anything unusual happens - an intruder, a
visitor, a predator, other loose livestock/pets or children missing
curfew. They discourage rodents in the poultry yard. I have never seen
mine kill snakes, but I have heard that they do. Their eggs are good to
eat (I prefer them hard-boiled and smoked) and the meat on a young bird
is quite delicious! An older adult bird will be tough and require
stewing.
Size/Weight: approximately 3 - 4 lbs.
Sexing: Both males and females will
echo the "CHI Chi Chi" machine-gun-like call; but only the females will
call "buck-wheat, buck-wheat". The males will have larger wattles when
mature, it is hard to tell the sex in the younger keets and they are
difficult to vent sex.
Space/pen requirements: Many let the
guineas roam free; if you raise keets and they know where "home" is
this may be acceptable to you although I prefer to keep mine penned.
You MUST have a top on the pen or they will escape. Keep the gate in
good repair and secured tightly at all times. They do not seem to
require an unusually large pen, but as always with animals, the larger
you can provide can be far better, as long as it is secure and safe.
They do "dig" dust bowl pits in the ground and can do this around the
edges of their fence.
Special Needs: Incubating eggs and
raising young keets can be rather difficult. The eggs are especially
susceptible to chilling or shock from change in temperature and are
very sensitive to humidity. Guinea legs are prone to injury and you
should be in the habit of never handling a keet or guinea by its feet
or legs. Young guineas need secure footing, I recommend rubbery
shelf-liner for the first few days at least. Their tiny feet as infant
keets are too small for 1/2" square mesh and 1/4" mesh should be used
if shelf-liner or other secure flooring is not provided. DO NOT use
cedar chips for poultry - they are poisonous! Newspaper is also very
bad for the birds' feet and should be avoided. For the first two weeks,
care should be taken that the keets stay DRY. If raised naturally by a
guinea or chicken hen, they should not be turned out in the grass until
the dew has dried from the grass. Guinea hens do not make wonderful
mothers and may "forget" her babies in the tall grass, I prefer an
indoor brooder nursery. As with most poultry, for the first week they
will need a heat light at 95 - 100% and lower temp by 5 degrees every
week until they are at room temperature. Make sure the babies have
enough room to get away from the heat light if they become too warm.
Adjust the heat light closer if the babies are huddled; or farther away
if the babies are near the edges of the brooder trying to avoid the
heat. Make sure the keets have fresh, clean water at all times. You may
wish to use marbles in the waterer to help keep the keets dry. Guineas
are good in flight and can roost in the trees, on top of your house,
etc. Netting on top of a pen should be checked at least once a week for
security breeches. Our guineas enjoy high roosting areas and will fly
to the highest place they can find in their pen. They can eat almost
anything a chicken will, but will favor insects when available. Keets
should be started on Game Bird Starter or Turkey Starter (I prefer
non-medicated). If you wish to hand-tame them, they will appreciate
treats of meal or wax worms. Our guineas have always enjoyed fresh,
clean feed - they do not like to be fed from an ever-feeder that holds
more than a day's worth of feed.
I've said that the guineas are a "love-hate relationship"; I like what
they can do as far as sounding the alarm when a threat is near, I enjoy
the bug-eating aspects of these birds. The constant noise isn't so much
appreciated, however. I enjoy guinea on our dinner table; so I have
been known to threaten a mouthy one! I will say this: last spring a
guinea saved our poultry from a potential predator - a large, ugly
momma possum made her way into the pen. The guineas did their thing (at
6am, of course) and let us know about the problem. Score one for
guineas, zero for the possum! She did not get any of our poultry, and
we didn't give her a second chance to steal food from us. That made it
worth the noise. I do not find the guineas attractive at all, my sister
calls them "Nuclear Chickens" and I find that nickname humorous.
Whatever you do with your guineas, find some way of enjoying them. They
don't get their feelings hurt when you call them names, as long as you
do it nicely and with a good tone. They do enjoy your company!!
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